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Parks TextBook Of Preventive & Social Medicine 24th edition pdf

Download Parks Textbook Of Preventive & Social Medicine – Preventive & Social Medicine : This trusted one-stop resource is a completely up-to-date, all-in-one public health and preventive medicine guide

Parks Textbook Of Preventive & Social Medicine PDF

Preventive and social medicine is concerned with the measures taken to prevent diseases and promote health. It is also known as community medicine or public health.

Preventive and social medicine offers medical services ranging from curative to rehabilitative and it has expanded during the last few decades. Presently, it deals with the health problems of not only a single person but the entire community at large. Public Health involves statistics, psychology, sociology, law, engineering and economics as well as clinical sciences and biological sciences.

Preface – Parks Textbook Of Preventive & Social Medicine

It is indeed gratifying that this book has seen twenty two successful editions and is now entering the twenty-third edition with a brand new look. This new edition is in keeping with the tradition of release of new editions at regular intervals, with the objective to match the pace of everchanging subject matter. The book has been thoroughly updated and revised. The Chapter on Communicable Diseases now contains the new treatment guidelines released by WHO (2013) for HIV/AIDS and December 2014 guidelines for post-exposure prophylaxis of HIV and use of cotrimoxazole in HIV cases. New treatment and diagnostic directives (2013) against malaria by Government of India have been incorporated. WHO has issued updated guidance on definitions of cases and treatment of tuberculosis to accomodate diagnosis using Xpert, MIB/ RIF and other WHO endorsed molecular tests.Parks Textbook Of Preventive & Social Medicine

These definitions now replace the 2006 definitions. Extensive work is going on in MDR-TB investigations and treatment in different situations, e.g., adult tubercular cases, paediatric cases, TB with HIV/AIDS, during pregnancy etc. These regimens have been covered in detail. Ebola Virus Disease has been included in re-emerging Diseases. Soil transmitted helminthiasis contains new matter. Chapter on Health Programmes in India now contains new plans introduced in 2013 and 2014 i.e., National Health Mission, National Urban Health Mission, RMNCH+A strategy (2013), India Newborn Action Plan (2014) etc. The chapter also contains details about NACP-IV, latest on RNTCP, malaria and leprosy. The other topics of interest are Global Hunger Index, the current situation about Millennium Development Goals, revised classification of adverse events following immunization, the new and updated matter about child and maternal mortality, Mission Indradhanush (launched on 25th December 2014), and many more. 12 th Five Year Plan replaces the 11 th Plan.

In conclusion, I wish to express my gratitude to all those undergraduate and postgraduate students whose comments and encouragement has helped me to keep the book upto-date. Lastly, I extend my appreciation to Mr. Brij Mohan Bhanot for the care bestowed in publication of this book.

From time immemorial man has been interested in trying to control disease. The medicine man, the priest, the herbalist and the magician, all undertook in various ways to cure mans disease and/or to bring relief to the sick. In an almost complete absence of scientific medical knowledge, it would not be fair to say that the early practitioners of medicine contributed nothing to the alleviation of man's suffering from disease. Medical knowledge in fact has been derived, to a very great degree, from the intuitive and observational propositions and cumulative experiences gleaned from others. A history of medicine thus contributes a review of accomplishments and errors, false theories and misinformation and mistaken interpretations. It is also a study of the evolution of man and of human knowledge down the ages; of the biographies of eminent individuals who developed medicine; of the discoveries and inventions in different historical periods; and of the ever-changing concepts, goals and objectives of medicine. In the course of its evolution, which proceeded by stages, with advances and halts, medicine has drawn richly from the traditional cultures of which it is a part, and later from biological and natural sciences and more recently from social and behavioural sciences. Medicine is thus built on the best of the past In the crucible of time, medicine has evolved itself into a social system heavily bureaucratized and politicized. The "explosion" of knowledge during the 20th century has made medicine more complex, and treatment more costly, but the benefits of modern medicine have not yet penetrated the social periphery in many countries. The glaring contrasts in the state of health between the developed and developing countries, between the rural and urban areas, and between the rich and poor have attracted worldwide criticism as "social injustice". The commitment of all countries, under the banner of the World Health Organization, is to wipe out the inequalities in the distribution of health resources and services, and attain the Millenium Development Goals. The goal of modern medicine is no longer merely treatment of sickness.

Parks Textbook Of Preventive & Social Medicine.The other and more important goals which have emerged are prevention of disease, promotion of health and improvement of the quality of life of individuals and groups or communities. In other words, the scope of medicine has considerably broadened during recent years. It is also regarded as an essential component of socio-economic development. I. MEDICINE IN ANTIQUITY In ancient times, health and illness were interpreted in a cosmological and anthropological perspective. Medicine was dominated by magical and religious beliefs which were an integral part of ancient cultures and civilizations. Henry Siegerist, the medical historian has stated that every culture had developed a system of medicine, and medical history is but one aspect of the history of culture ( 1 ). Dubos goes one step further and says that ancient medicine was the mother of sciences and played a large role in the integration of early cultures ( 2 ). Since there is an organic relationship between medicine and human advancement, any account of medicine at a given period should be viewed against the civilization and human advancement at that time, i.e. philosophy, religion, economic conditions, form of government, education, science and aspirations of the people. Primitive medicine It has been truly said that medicine was conceived in sympathy and born out of necessity; and that the first doctor was the first man, and the first woman, the first nurse. The prehistoric man, motivated by feelings of sympathy and kindness, was always at the behest of his kindred, trying to provide relief, in times of sickness and suffering. Since his knowledge was limited, the primitive man attributed disease, and in fact all human suffering and other calamities, to the wrath of gods, the invasion of body by "evil spirits" and the malevolent influence of stars and planets. The concept of disease in which the ancient man believed is known as the "supernatural theory of disease". As a logical sequence, the medicine he practised consisted in appeasing gods by prayers, rituals and sacrifices, driving out "evil spirits" from the human body by witchcraft and other crude means and using charms and amulets to protect himself against the influence of evil spirits. The administration of certain herbs or drugs whose effect is doubtful or nil, but hopefully harmless, may also be likened to a kind of magic ritual associated with the need to "do something". There is also evidence that prehistoric man improvised stone and flint instruments with which he performed circumcisions, amputations and trephining of skulls. It is thus obvious that medicine in the prehistoric times (about 5000 B.C.) was intermingled with superstition, religion, magic and witchcraft. Primitive medicine is timeless. If we look around the world, we find that the rudiments of primitive medicine still persist in many parts of the world – in Asia, Africa, South America, Australia and the Pacific islands. The supernatural theory of disease in which the primitive man believed is as new as today. For example, in India, one may still hear the talk of curing snake bites by "mantras". Diseases such as leprosy are interpreted as being punishment for one's past